Received: AugAccepted: NovemPublished: December 21, 2017Ĭopyright: © 2017 Chen et al. PLoS ONE 12(12):Įditor: Etsuro Ito, Waseda University, JAPAN Perceptual training is an effective way of helping novices learn to identify hip fractures in X-ray images and should supplement the current education programme for students.Ĭitation: Chen W, HolcDorf D, McCusker MW, Gaillard F, Howe PDL (2017) Perceptual training to improve hip fracture identification in conventional radiographs. Conversely, repeating training images did not reduce post-training performance relative to showing an equivalent number of unique images. Surprisingly, perceptual learning was reduced when the training set was constructed to over-represent the types of images participants found more difficult to categorise. The more able students achieved the same level of accuracy as board certified radiologists at identifying hip fractures in less than an hour of training. Students were told if they were correct and the location of any fracture, if present. One hundred and thirty-nine students with no prior medical or radiology training were shown a sequence of plain film X-ray images of the right hip and for each image were asked to indicate whether a fracture was present. Our study investigated whether students can more rapidly learn to diagnose proximal neck of femur fractures via perceptual training, without having to learn an explicit set of rules. Typically, students are trained ad-hoc, in a primarily-rule based fashion. This is done when the hip socket has fractured (acetabular) fractures.Diagnosing certain fractures in conventional radiographs can be a difficult task, usually taking years to master.
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If you are older and less active, you may need a high-strength metal device that fits into your hip socket, replacing the head of your femur (hemiarthroplasty). Pins (surgical screws). This is used if the break is where the thighbone (femur) joins the pelvis (femoral neck fracture) and you are younger and more active, or if the broken bone has not moved much out of place.In the surgical treatment, the orthopedic surgeon will put the pelvic bones back together and hold them in place with an internal device, such as: These injuries often require extensive surgery as well as lengthy physical therapy and rehabilitation. The immediate goal is to control bleeding and stabilize the injured person's condition. Shock, extensive internal bleeding and internal organs damage may be involved. Severe injuries to the pelvis that involve several breaks can be life-threatening. Physical therapy, the use of crutches and, rarely, surgery may be recommended. With a minor fracture, the most common treatment is bed rest, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications or prescription painkillers.
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Treatment depends on how bad the injury is. The person with the injury should be kept warm with a blanket or jacket, and should not be moved by untrained personnel, especially if there is severe pain or signs of possible nerve injury. With a potentially serious pelvic fracture, emergency aid should be called. Unstable, in which there are two or more breaks in the pelvic ring with moderate to severe bleeding.Stable, in which the pelvis has one break point in the pelvic ring, limited bleeding and the bones are staying in place.This type of fracture often needs emergency medical care and lengthy physical therapy and rehabilitation. However, a serious pelvic fracture can be life-threatening and may involve damage to the organs the pelvis protects. A mild fracture (such as may happen from the impact of jogging) may heal in several weeks without surgery. Pelvic rings often break in more than one place. With a hole in its center, the pelvis forms one major ring and two smaller rings of bone that support and protect the bladder, intestines and rectum.įractures of the pelvis are uncommon and range widely from mild (if the minor ring is broken) to severe (if the major ring is broken). The pelvis consists of the pubis, ilium and ischium bones (among others) held together by tough ligaments to form a girdle of bones. The pelvis is a butterfly-shaped group of bones at the base of the spine.